A new etiological cause for anterior cruciate ligament injury: E-Scooter.

The usage of electric scooters has been popular because it is a cheap and fast transportation method. Its use has increased in recent years because public transportation is less preferred during the covid-19 pandemic and in parallel, the publications reporting e-scooter accidents are increasing. There is no article examining the relationship between e-scooter and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in current literature. We aim to examine the relationship between e-scooter accidents and ACL injury incidence. Patients over the age of 18 years who applied to our orthopedics outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of ACL injury between January 2019- June 2021 were evaluated. 80 e-scooter accidents resulting with ACL tears were reviewed. The electronic medical records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Information about the age, gender, trauma history of the patients, and type of trauma was obtained. Fifty-eight patients had a history of falling while stopping the scooter, and 22 patients had a history of falling after hitting something. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed with hamstring tendon grafts in 62(77,5%) of the patients included in the study. 18 (22,5%) patients were followed up with functional physical therapy exercises because they did not want to be operated on. Various bone or soft tissue injuries while using e-scooters have been reported in the literature until now. ACL injury is also seen quite frequently after these traumas, and necessary information and warnings should be given to the users to prevent ACL injuries.

Effects of COVID 19 pandemic on children attending to emergency units with chest pain

Background and Aim: Chest pain is a one of the most common com-plaints in children admitted to the Hospitals. Although it was among the most common reasons for referral to the pediatric car-diologist before COVID-19 era, this tendency is changed during covid pandemic. The primary objective of this study was to inves-tigate the aetiological causes, clinical characteristics and the follow up symptoms in terms of changing habits of parents and children admitted to the ED for acute chest pain during pandemic. Method(s): We reviewed the medical records of children under the age of 18 who presented with chest pain as the chief complaint from 1 January 2020 to 1 April 2021, at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Pediatric Emergency Clinic retrospectively from the hospital data-base. The study population comprised 128 boys and 119 girls. Result(s): All the children underwent ECG examination. While the ECG results of 239 children were normal, 6 sinus tachycardia, 1 supra-ventricular tachycardia and 1 incomplete left bundle branch block were observed. 33 patients had an echocardiography. Eight patients with an abnormal Echo result already had been examined and diag-nosed prior to their emergency admission. Blood samples were taken from 48 children for troponin. 17 samples wereabove the cut-off value which was set to 0.004 g/dl A total of 32 SARS-Cov2 swab samples were taken from suspicious cases and analyzed with RT-PCR. Consequently, 8 of these children were Covid-19 positive. 7 patients had no history of chronic disease, while 1 patient had ALL. All of these patients had mild symptoms and none of them required hospitali-zation. The total number of children who were referred to a pediatric cardiologist for a further examination together with the follow-up patients of the pediatric cardiology department is 52 Conclusion(s): In conclusion, Chest pain is a common referral com-plaint in children and is rarely due to cardiac diseases. To date car-diac reasons of chest pain was the major concern of patients and families attending the ED. However we found that Patient/family concerns regarding 'vulnerability to the severe covid infection has emerged as an important discourse during the pandemic on attend-ences to ED because of chest pain.

Molecular biology and genetic studies in combating the new coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak

The new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is transmitted from person to person and causes Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS), emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The definitive diagnosis of the coronavirus, which is transmitted from person to person through droplets, is given through PCR-based tests. The continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to develop an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines developed against COVID-19 can be classified as inactivated/live virus vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines/vectored vaccines or RNA/DNA vaccines. This review aims to give information about the molecular structure and genetic features of SARSCoV- 2 virus, laboratory diagnostic methods, potential therapeutic drugs and vaccine studies.